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"One source of violence against women refugees is the smugglers or traffickers who facilitate their journeys to reach Europe. Women travelling alone, or just with children, are particularly vulnerable to attack, and during my interviews there were several accounts of women who had been raped or sexually assaulted on their journeys."
Freedman, Jane. "Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee "crisis"." Reproductive health matters 24, no. 47 (2016): 18-26, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.05.00.
"You know sexual violence knows no race or color or gender or class. But the response to sexual violence does."
Vera-Gray, F. "The Work of Creating Safety." In The Right Amount of Panic: How Women Trade Freedom for Safety, 79-106. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2018. doi:10.2307/j.ctv301drp.7.
"In a safe and healthy city, women and girls are not discriminated against and can enjoy public spaces and public life without fear of being assaulted; they can access water and sanitation without putting themselves at risk of violence or infectious diseases."
Garcia-Moreno, Claudia, and Manupreet Chawla. "Making Cities Safe for Women and Girls: Integrating a Gender Perspective into Urban Health and Planning." In Women's Health and the World's Cities, edited by Meleis Afaf Ibrahim, Birch Eugenie L., and Wachter Susan M., (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 53-70, 55.
"Part of women’s right to the city is the right to undertake risk in the pursuit of urban citizenship, and part of the experience of any truly libratory city is encounter with strangers, including strangers who make others feel uncomfortable."
Whitzman, Carolyn, Crystal Legacy, and Caroline Andrew, eds. Building inclusive cities: Women's safety and the right to the city. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
"Safety should also not be conceptualized as a simple goal."
Whitzman, Carolyn, Crystal Legacy, and Caroline Andrew, eds. Building inclusive cities: Women's safety and the right to the city. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.
"The pandemic has also seen a disturbing increase in online abuse against girls. As quarantine means children spend more time online to access their education, social media or other forms of entertainment, they are increasingly exposed to cyberbullying, harmful content and sexual exploitation."
Plan International, Save the Children International Asia. Because we Matter Addressing Covid19 and Violence against Girls in the Asia Pacific. Bangkok: Plan International Asia Pacific Hub, 2020, 8. https://plan-international.org/publications/because-we-matter#download-options.
"Street Harassment: the easiest way to debilitate a person’s liberty to walk the streets without fear."
Roenius, Amanda. "My Name Is Not Beautiful, and, No, I Do Not Want to Smile: Paving the Path for Street Harassment Legislation in Illinois." DePaul L. Rev. 65 (2015): 831, 831. Accessed 1 December 2020. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/deplr65&div=33&id=&page=.
"Some people are harassed for multiple reasons within a single harassment incident. Harassment is about power and control, and it is often a manifestation of societal discrimination like sexism, homophobia, Islamophobia, classism, ableism, and racism."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 2.
"To frame upskirting as only an invasion of privacy, perpetrated by 'sick' individuals, and occurring as a product of technological advancements, overlooked the gendered nature of the behavior and the objectification at the heart of upskirting."
Thompson, Chrissy. “Skirting Around the Issue: Misdirection and Linguistic Avoidance in Parliamentary Discourses on Upskirting.” Violence Against Women 26, no. 11 (September 2020): 1403–1422, 1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219870606.
"Technology-facilitated sexual violence refers to the use of mobile and online technologies as tools to 'blackmail, control, coerce, harass, humiliate, objectify or violate another person' and is overwhelmingly perpetrated by men against women."
Thompson, Chrissy. “Skirting Around the Issue: Misdirection and Linguistic Avoidance in Parliamentary Discourses on Upskirting.” Violence Against Women 26, no. 11 (September 2020): 1403–1422, 1406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219870606.
"No form of harassment is ever OK; everyone should be treated with respect, dignity, and empathy."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 2.
"Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country."
Freedman, Jane. "Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee" crisis"." Reproductive health matters 24, no. 47 (2016): 18-26 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.05.00.
"We must enforce laws and policies against sexual harassment."
Phillips, Kate, Ashlee, Amy, Kalms, Nicole and Matthewson, Gill . Reporting to Authorities: Girls' and Young Women's Experiences of Reporting Street Harassment. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, 2019, 10.
"Geolocative crowd mapping is a tool that provides women and girls with the opportunity to pool their experiences in cities for action and activism."
Kalms, Nicole. "Digital technology and the safety of women and girls in urban space: Personal safety Apps or crowd-sourced activism tools?." In Architecture and Feminisms: Ecologies, Economies, Technologies. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017, 112-121, 116.
"Given the extent to which street harassment is trivialized and under-recognized as a form of harm, disclosure can function as an important means of challenging and disrupting the myths and misperceptions that all too readily fill the silences surrounding street harassment."
Fileborn, Bianca. Reclaiming the night-time economy: Unwanted sexual attention in pubs and clubs. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
"Safety is presented as a personal choice, and as the function of an ability to exercise self-control in the face of temptation."
Fileborn, Bianca. "Doing gender, doing safety? Young adults’ production of safety on a night out." Gender, Place & Culture 23, no. 8 (2016): 1107-1120, 1112.
"Every single report needs to be taken seriously. Every single report currently not made – for fear of belittlement, re-victimisation, or even further harassment – also needs to be taken seriously. Unless and until this happens, the cycle of underreporting, internalisation and social acceptance of street harassment will continue."
Phillips, Kate, Amy Ashlee, Nicole Kalms, and Gill Matthewson. Reporting to Authorities: Girls' and Young Women's Experiences of Reporting Street Harassment. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, 2019, 6.
"The ‘relationship between the environment and opportunity for offending and victimization is well established in criminology,’ crime prevention strategies are still developing, and gender-sensitive approaches are lacking."
Kalms, Niki. "Digital technology and the safety of women and girls in urban space: Personal safety Apps or crowd-sourced activism tools?." In Architecture and Feminisms: Ecologies, Economies, Technologies. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017, 114.
"An action that might be quickly forgotten by the perpetrator can linger for a long time with the target."
Matthewson, Gill, Webb, Isabella, and Kalms, Nikki. Safety after dark: Creating a city for women living and working in Sydney. Sydney: Committee for Sydney, 2019, 7.
"By refusing to name upskirting as an act of misogyny and gendered harm, an everyday where such violence is excused and ignored has and continues to remain unchallenged."
Thompson, Chrissy. “Skirting Around the Issue: Misdirection and Linguistic Avoidance in Parliamentary Discourses on Upskirting.” Violence Against Women 26, no. 11 (September 2020): 1403–1422, 1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219870606.
"This separation of upskirters as 'other' and as wrong, uncivilized, and abnormal was achieved in a number of ways and, importantly, this worked to again misdirect attention away from ordinary men, ensuring that they were not identified as perpetrators of upskirting."
Thompson, Chrissy. “Skirting Around the Issue: Misdirection and Linguistic Avoidance in Parliamentary Discourses on Upskirting.” Violence Against Women 26, no. 11 (September 2020): 1403–1422, 1415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219870606.
"Everyone including men and boys must reject sexist behaviour."
Phillips, Kate, Amy Ashlee, Nicole Kalms, and Gill Matthewson. Reporting to Authorities: Girls' and Young Women's Experiences of Reporting Street Harassment. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, 2019, 10.
"For groups of men ‘on the hunt’ sexual harassment comprises entertainment. She is incidental, and her level of fear is irrelevant."
Matthewson, Gill, Webb, Isabella and Kalms, Nikki. Safety after dark: Creating a city for women living and working in Sydney. Sydney: Committee for Sydney, 2019, 12.
"The construction of female nocturnal fear as ‘common sense’ has become internalized to the extent that it forms a gender stereotype."
Roberts, Marion. "Gender, Fear and the Night-Time City." In Fair Shared Cities, pp. 67-82. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016. Accessed 30 November 2020. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315581835/chapters/10.4324/9781315581835-10.
"Interrogations about the existence of a male partner, a train journey spent pretending to read to block out the man staring two seats over - experiences lived as routine and thus unremarkable, minimised and forgotten, ‘nothing really happened’."
Vera-Gray, Fiona. Men's Intrusion, Women's Embodiment : A Critical Analysis of Street Harassment, Abingdon: Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/monash/detail.action?docID=4579004.Created from monash on 2020-11-18 18:44:24.
"Street harassment excludes women from public space, which they are entitled to share with men as equal citizens of the state."
Mason-Bish, Hannah, and Irene Zempi. “Misogyny, Racism, and Islamophobia: Street Harassment at the Intersections.” Feminist Criminology 14, no. 5 (December 2019): 540–559, 555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085118772088.
"No uniform law currently exists to protect individuals from many types of street harassment, the fundamental rights to mobility and bodily integrity are not being met."
Roenius, Amanda. "My Name Is Not Beautiful, and, No, I Do Not Want to Smile: Paving the Path for Street Harassment Legislation in Illinois." DePaul L. Rev. 65 (2015): 831, 831.
"The lack of coverage to missing/murdered Aboriginal women appears to suggest that their stories are not dramatic or worthy enough to tell, that Aboriginal women's victimization is too routine or ordinary, and/or irrelevant to (White) readers."
Gilchrist, Kristen. "“Newsworthy” victims? Exploring differences in Canadian local press coverage of missing/murdered Aboriginal and White women." Feminist media studies 10, no. 4 (2010): 373-390, 375.
"Indigenous women were seen as threats to this urban transformation. Their bodies carried the capacity to reproduce the 'savagery' that colonizers sought to contain."
Kern, Leslie. Feminist City: Claiming Space in a Man-Made World. Brooklyn: Verso, 2020. Accessed 17 November 2020. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/monash/detail.action?docID=6178348.
"I do not have the luxury of being. I am only seen as doing. As if my gender is something that is being done to them and not something that belongs to me. One time I had a waiter come up and ask if this was my 'Halloween Costume' when I was sitting at the table wearing a skirt."
Vaid-Menon, Alok. Beyond the Gender Binary. New York: Penguin Books USA, 2020.
"Men want the other men they are with, as well as the target woman, to know they are looking at her in order to display their power over her and turn her into a sexual object."
Sweeny, JoAnne. "Trapped in Public: The Regulation of Street Harassment and Cyber-Harassment under the Captive Audience Doctrine." Nev. LJ 17 (2016): 651, 651.
"Police in Swaziland in 2012 banned women from wearing mini-skirts, any shirts revealing the midriff, and low-cut jeans."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 6.
"The very everyday experiences of catcalling and sexual harassment serve to reinforce fear as women are constantly sexualized, objectified, and made to feel uncomfortable in public spaces."
Kern, Leslie. Feminist City: Claiming Space in a Man-Made World. Brooklyn: Verso, 2020.
"The intersection of race, gender, mobility and violence is central to the numerous cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women and demonstrates the importance of not treating mobility as neutral, but seeing it as political and unequal."
Morton, Katherine. "Hitchhiking and missing and murdered indigenous women: A critical discourse analysis of billboards on the highway of tears." Canadian journal of sociology 41, no. 3 (2016): 299-326, 300.
"Highway 16 in Northwestern British Columbia is named The Highway of Tears for the substantial (although uncertain) number of Indigenous women who have disappeared."
Morton, Katherine. "Hitchhiking and missing and murdered indigenous women: A critical discourse analysis of billboards on the highway of tears." Canadian journal of sociology 41, no. 3 (2016): 299-326, 300.
"In January 2012, the director of police for the state of Andhra Pradesh in south India, V. Dinesh Reddy, told a press conference that the police cannot be faulted for rises in the numbers of rape cases and blamed women for provoking men with 'fashionable clothing' such as the salwar kameez."
Mitra, Durba. "Critical perspectives on SlutWalks in India." Feminist studies 38, no. 1 (2012): 254-261, 257. doi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23269181.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A0170e66e39a203831ba17b83a7debd0b.
"Conformity by dress denoted respect for cultural norms and also acted as a shelter from potential danger, from unwanted male attention…This was a coping mechanism that would enable them to manage the host’s behaviour and lead to a more fulfilling tourist experience."
Brown, Lorraine, and Hanaa Osman. "The female tourist experience in Egypt as an Islamic destination." Annals of Tourism Research 63 (2017): 12-22, 19.
"Their opportunities for walking around the streets alone, for meeting members of the host community and other travellers are seriously curtailed. The sexualised gaze, primarily exercised by men, prohibits them from being the flaneuse they might like to be on holiday."
Brown, Lorraine, and Hanaa Osman. "The female tourist experience in Egypt as an Islamic destination." Annals of Tourism Research 63 (2017): 12-22 14.
"Clothing practices provide important insights about women’s mobility within Jerusalem’s disputed and gendered urban geography."
Raanan, Malka, Greenberg, and Nufar Avni. "(Ad) dressing belonging in a contested space: Embodied spatial practices of Palestinian and Israeli women in Jerusalem." Political Geography 76 (2020): 102090, 1-10, 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.
"Naomi at first reveals that wearing a short dress will limit her freedom to go into many areas in the city. Yet she then expresses her resistance, saying she 'would not care.' While describing her feeling when crossing over into a Palestinian neighborhood the issue of modesty transforms into an issue of ethno-nationality."
Raanan, Malka, Greenberg, and Nufar Avni. "(Ad) dressing belonging in a contested space: Embodied spatial practices of Palestinian and Israeli women in Jerusalem." Political Geography 76 (2020): 102090, 1- 10, 7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.
"I felt that everyone was staring at me thinking 'what is she doing with Jewish women.’ I then did something distorted that I will never do again. I took my hijab off…I tried to fit in."
Raanan, Malka, Greenberg, and Nufar Avni. "(Ad) dressing belonging in a contested space: Embodied spatial practices of Palestinian and Israeli women in Jerusalem." Political Geography 76 (2020): 102090, 1-10, 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.
"Experiences of feeling out of place especially affect women who are stigmatized by dominant narratives of women’s traditional roles (as in the domestic sphere) while they commute to and from work as an economic necessity."
Parikh, Aparna. "Politics of presence: women’s safety and respectability at night in Mumbai, India." Gender, Place & Culture 25, no. 5 (2018): 695-710, 698. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2017.1400951.
"Demands to criminalise violence against women in public space intensified after the circulation of a video of a girl being assaulted by a group of teenage boys in a bus in Casablanca in August 2017."
Chafai, Habiba. "Everyday gendered violence: women’s experiences of and discourses on street sexual harassment in Morocco." The Journal of North African Studies (2020): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2020.1743184.
"In March 2019, a young woman in Marrakech lost her life because of sexual harassment while waiting in a bus station; her ‘mistake’ was to verbally react to her harasser."
Chafai, Habiba. "Everyday gendered violence: women’s experiences of and discourses on street sexual harassment in Morocco." The Journal of North African Studies (2020): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2020.1743184.
"The threat of sexual harassment remains a constant in Iranian women’s lives and the necessity of speaking up about these incidents is central to raising awareness on such experiences."
Chubin, Fae. “You May Smother My Voice, but You Will Hear My Silence: An Autoethnography on Street Sexual Harassment, the Discourse of Shame and Women’s Resistance in Iran.” Sexualities 17, no. 1–2 (January 2014): 176–193, 178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460713511097.
"Oppression is the 'absence of choices'; street harassment oppresses veiled Muslim women by restricting their physical and geographical mobility, thereby denying them a right guaranteed to all citizens—the freedom of movement, a fundamental liberty of freedom."
Mason-Bish, Hannah, and Irene Zempi. “Misogyny, Racism, and Islamophobia: Street Harassment at the Intersections.” Feminist Criminology 14, no. 5 (December 2019): 540–559, 555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085118772088.
"Street harassment excludes women from public space, which they are entitled to share with men as equal citizens of the state."
Mason-Bish, Hannah, and Irene Zempi. “Misogyny, Racism, and Islamophobia: Street Harassment at the Intersections.” Feminist Criminology 14, no. 5 (December 2019): 540–559, 555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085118772088.
"The oppressed are not only out of power; they are also out of place."
De Backer, Mattias. "Street harassment and social control of young Muslim women in Brussels: destabilising the public/private binary." Journal of Gender-Based Violence 4, no. 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1332/239868020X15986402157121.
"Women are cautious of the social rather than the material night."
De Backer, Mattias. "Street harassment and social control of young Muslim women in Brussels: destabilising the public/private binary." Journal of Gender-Based Violence 4, no. 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1332/239868020X15986402157121.
DelGreco, Maria, and John Christensen. "Effects of Street Harassment on Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality of College Women." Sex Roles 82, no. 4 (2019): 473-481, 473. doi: 10.1007/s11199-019-01064-6.
"Men want the other men they are with, as well as the target woman, to know they are looking at her in order to display their power over her and turn her into a sexual object."
Sweeny, JoAnne. "Trapped in Public: The Regulation of Street Harassment and Cyber-Harassment under the Captive Audience Doctrine." Nev. LJ 17 (2016): 651, 651.
Orozco-Fontalvo, Mauricio, José, Arévalo, Andrea Soto and Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios. "Women's perceived risk of sexual harassment in a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system: The case of Barranquilla, Colombia." Journal of Transport & Health 14, no. 1 (2019): 100598, 1.
Zietz, Susannah, and Madhumita Das. "‘Nobody teases good girls’: A qualitative study on perceptions of sexual harassment among young men in a slum of Mumbai." Global public health 13, no. 9 (2018): 1229-1240, 1229.
Contreras, J. Manuel. Sexual Violence in Latin America and the Carribbean: A Desk Review. Pretoria: Sexual Violence Research Initiative, 2010, 9.
Kalms, Nicole, Matthewson, Gill, and Tanner Sophie. Free to Be. Madrid. Surrey: Plan International, 2019.
Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission.Transit Protective Services Officers. An exploration of corruption and misconduct risks. Melbourne: Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission, 2016, 8.
Fileborn, Bianca, Wadds, Phillip and Tomsen, Stephen. "Sexual harassment and violence at Australian music festivals: Reporting practices and experiences of festival attendees." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 2 (2020):194–212, 195.
Fileborn, Bianca, Phillip, Wadds and Stephen, Tomsen. "Sexual harassment and violence at Australian music festivals: Reporting practices and experiences of festival attendees." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 2 (2020):194–212, 195.
Plan International Asia Pacific Hub. Because we Matter Addressing Covid19 and Violence against Girls in the Asia Pacific. Bangkok: Plan International Asia Pacific Hub, 2020.
Vitak, Jessica, Chadha, Kalyani, Steiner, Linda and Zahra Ashktorab. "Identifying women's experiences with and strategies for mitigating negative effects of online harassment." In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, 2017, pp. 1231-1245, 1233. New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
Vitak, Jessica, Chadha, Kalyani, Steiner, Linda and Zahra Ashktorab. "Identifying women's experiences with and strategies for mitigating negative effects of online harassment." In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, 2017, pp. 1231-1245, 1233. New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
Vitak, Jessica, Chadha, Kalyani, Steiner, Linda and Zahra Ashktorab. "Identifying women's experiences with and strategies for mitigating negative effects of online harassment." In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, 2017, pp. 1231-1245, 1231. New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
Kearl, Holly. Unsafe and harassed in public spaces: A national street harassment report. Reston: Stop Street Harassment, 2014, 18.
Kearl, Holly. Unsafe and harassed in public spaces: A national street harassment report. Reston: Stop Street Harassment, 2014, 6.
Neupane, Gita, and Chesney-Lind, Meda. "Violence against women on public transport in Nepal: Sexual harassment and the spatial expression of male privilege." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 38, no. 1 (2014): 23-38, 25.
Devries, Karen M., Kyegombe, Nambusi, Zuurmond, Maria, Parkes, Jenny, Child, Jennifer C., Walakira, Eddy J. and Dipak Naker. "Violence against primary school children with disabilities in Uganda: a cross-sectional study." BMC public health 14, no. 1 (2014): 1-9, 1.
Valls, Rosa, Puigvert, Lídia, Melgar, Patricia and Garcia-Yeste Carme . "Breaking the silence at spanish universities: findings from the first study of violence against women on campuses in Spain." Violence against women 22, no. 13 (2016): 1519-1539, 1529, 1519.
"Nepali women are extremely susceptible to male harassment while using public transportation services and that most Nepali women will experience some type of harassment (i.e., verbal, non-verbal, or physical) during their lifetime while traveling either to college or to a place of employment."
Rosenbaum, Mark S., Edwards, Karen L., Binayak, Malla, Adhikary, Regmi. Jyoti and Germán Contreras Ramírez. "Street harassment is marketplace discrimination: The impact of street harassment on young female consumers’ marketplace experiences." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 57 (2020): 102220, 5.
"Some researchers have shown that male harassers rationalize this deviant behavior as their religious right, which includes punishing women for taking on professional work, wearing certain clothing, or viewing women as sexual objects who exist to please men."
Rosenbaum, Mark S., Edwards, Karen L., Binayak, Malla, Adhikary, Regmi. Jyoti and Germán Contreras Ramírez. "Street harassment is marketplace discrimination: The impact of street harassment on young female consumers’ marketplace experiences." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 57 (2020): 102220, 6.
"We might not want to think about the limits we put on ourselves because we think to do so is to admit a weakness, or because we feel we mostly do what we want to do anyway. And if the changes we make are disguised and dismissed as just common sense."
Vera-Gray, Fiona. The Right Amount of Panic: How Women Trade Freedom for Safety. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2018, 80.
"And what about you? If you’re a woman reading this, when is the first time that you remember attention from an unknown man in public? Being told to cheer up, being stared at, a whistle, a car horn, a comment, followed, touched? Singled out from all those that now you’ve learnt to block or manage."
Vera-Gray, Fiona. The Right Amount of Panic: How Women Trade Freedom for Safety. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2018, 4.
"For centuries, people have stereotyped women of color as overly sexual, promiscuous, and/or sexually available, particularly compared to white women."
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 47.
"The United States is a racist society in which there is police brutality against and swift and harsh sentencing of men of color. This reality makes many women of color unwilling to publicly call out or report men of their race who engage in acts of gender violence, including street harassment."
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 52.
"While women of color may be more hesitant to identify the behavior of men of color as harassment or to report it because of racial solidarity, white women may be more inclined to identify men of color as harassers because of racism."
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 52.
"This is the epitome of heterosexual male privilege: assuming every woman he sees on the street is single, heterosexual or bisexual, and interested in his attention. This assumption wholly denies the sexual identity of lesbian women."
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 54.
"A lower-class lesbian Latina who walks with a cane may face many more forms of street harassment or experience harassment differently than an upper-class white heterosexual able-bodied woman. Understanding how women from all backgrounds experience street harassment is an essential step toward working to end it."
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 45.
"Men are the perpetrators of gender-based street harassment and many men engage in it to impress each other or to prove their masculinity."
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 203.
"Indigenous women were seen as threats to this urban transformation. Their bodies carried the capacity to reproduce the “savagery” that colonizers sought to contain."
Kern, Leslie. Feminist City: Claiming Space in a Man-Made World. Brooklyn: Verso, 2020, 2.
"Street harassment limits resources and opportunities that should otherwise be available, including an education, employment, recreation, political participation, and positions of leadership. Harassment can be used as a tool to intimidate people, to make them leave and give up."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 4.
"A man in New York slashed the throat of a woman who refused to go on a date with him. A man in Seattle pulled out a gun after a woman ignored his repeated invitations to 'hang out.'"
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"A harasser in England put a woman in a hospital after punching her when she told him to stop touching her."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"A woman in Detroit was shot dead by a harasser after refusing to give him her phone number."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"A harasser killed a Chicago man in front of the man’s 15-year-old daughter after he confronted the harasser for making 'inappropriate gestures' at her."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"We were starting to understand that we were never supposed to be alone around boys and that we needed to always have a plan for our own safety. There’s no way I can do justice to the puberty years and describe all the messages girls receive."
Kern, Leslie. Feminist City: Claiming Space in a Man-Made World. Brooklyn: Verso, 2020, 87.
"When communities advocate for 'spaces for youth,' the kinds of spaces they come up with are skate parks, basketball courts, and hockey arenas. In other words, spaces that have boys in mind as users, and where girls have trouble finding access, acceptance, and safety."
Kern, Leslie. Feminist City: Claiming Space in a Man-Made World. Brooklyn: Verso, 2020, 44.
"The message comes in like an IV drip, building up in our systems so gradually that once we become aware of it, it’s fully dissolved in the bloodstream. It’s already natural, common sense, inherent."
Kern, Leslie. Feminist City: Claiming Space in a Man-Made World. Brooklyn: Verso, 2020, 87.
"In Brazil, between January and August 2014, 12 young women aged 13–29 were shot and killed by a motorcyclist as they stood in public spaces, simply for being female."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"In Germany, Tugce Albayrak, a 23-year-old student, died at the hands of a street harasser."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"A Philadelphia man was hospitalized after he told a harasser to watch what he was saying to women nearby and the harasser got out of his vehicle and attacked him."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
"Reasons for non-reporting are varied and complex... Given the treatment of sexual violence by the criminal justice system, survivors may also fear victim-blaming or retraumatising responses within the system, making non-reporting a strategic choice."
Fileborn, Bianca, Phillip Wadds, and Stephen Tomsen. "Sexual harassment and violence at Australian music festivals: Reporting practices and experiences of festival attendees." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology (2020): 1-19, 3.
"A woman visits a bar in an unfamiliar location for the first time... A man in the bar, a stranger to her, stares persistently throughout the night."
Fileborn, Bianca. Reclaiming the night-time economy: Unwanted sexual attention in pubs and clubs. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 231.
"The boundaries of what constitutes unwanted sexual attention are blurred by the occurrence of consensual sexual interaction and expression of sexual desire in venues, and by young people’s understandings of normative and ‘reasonable’ sexual expressions."
Fileborn, Bianca. Reclaiming the night-time economy: Unwanted sexual attention in pubs and clubs. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 233.
"An Egyptian teenager was stabbed to death while stopping to help young women experiencing harassment."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 39.
"In India, the National Slum Dwellers Federation and Mahila Milan installed community toilets managed by local women and accessible on a pay-and-use system, an example of gender-based planning that greatly improved safety and cleanliness."
Garcia-Moreno, Claudia, and Manupreet Chawla. "Making Cities Safe for Women and Girls: Integrating a Gender Perspective into Urban Health and Planning." In Women's Health and the World's Cities, edited by Meleis Afaf Ibrahim, Birch Eugenie L., and Wachter Susan M., (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 53-70, 59.
"170 million urban residents have no access to even the simplest forms of latrine, which forces them to defecate in the open...Women and girls often delay going outside to relieve themselves and only do so at night, which makes them more vulnerable to violence and adds to their insecurity in public spaces."
Garcia-Moreno, Claudia, and Manupreet Chawla. "Making Cities Safe for Women and Girls: Integrating a Gender Perspective into Urban Health and Planning." In Women's Health and the World's Cities, edited by Meleis Afaf Ibrahim, Birch Eugenie L., and Wachter Susan M., (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 53-70, 59.
"To promote the good use of spaces, women in Nairobi, Kenya, have adopted a creative initiative called 'Adopt-a-Light Limited,' with the goal of ensuring that women can travel city streets without experiencing any form of violence... The program has successfully installed 185 streetlights along the major highways and in the slums."
Garcia-Moreno, Claudia, and Manupreet Chawla. "Making Cities Safe for Women and Girls: Integrating a Gender Perspective into Urban Health and Planning." In Women's Health and the World's Cities, edited by Meleis Afaf Ibrahim, Birch Eugenie L., and Wachter Susan M., (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 53-70, 63.
"In Brazil, between January and August 2014, 12 young women aged 13–29 were shot and killed by a motorcyclist as they stood in public spaces, simply for being female."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 8.
Iudici, Antonio. "Sexual harassment against people with mental disabilities in transit environments: implications for services and clinics." In Safety and security in transit environments, (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2015), 328-343, 333.
Stark, Juliane, and Meschik, Michael. "Women’s everyday mobility: Frightening situations and their impacts on travel behaviour." Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 54 (2018): 311-323, 318.
Lebugle, Amandine. "Young women in large cities are the main victims of violence in public space." Population Societies 550, no. 11 (2017): 1-4, 4.
Lebugle, Amandine. "Young women in large cities are the main victims of violence in public space." Population Societies 550, no. 11 (2017): 1-4, 3.
Dunckel Graglia, Amy. "Finding mobility: Women negotiating fear and violence in Mexico City’s public transit system." Gender, Place & Culture 23, no. 5 (2016): 624-640, 624.
Dunckel Graglia, Amy. "Finding mobility: Women negotiating fear and violence in Mexico City’s public transit system." Gender, Place & Culture 23, no. 5 (2016): 624-640, 626.
Ahmed, Bilal, Farhan Navid Yousaf, and Umm-e-Rubab Asif. "Combating Street Harassment: A Challenge for Pakistan." Women & Criminal Justice 0, (2019): 1-11, 1.
Ahmed, Bilal, Farhan Navid Yousaf, and Umm-e-Rubab Asif. "Combating Street Harassment: A Challenge for Pakistan." Women & Criminal Justice 0, (2019): 1-11, 2.
Tripathi, Kartikeya, Borrion, Hervé and Belur, Jyoti. "Sexual harassment of students on public transport: an exploratory study in Lucknow, India." Crime prevention and community safety 19, no. 3-4 (2017): 240-250, 241.
Islam, A., and T. Amin. 2016. “Eve teasing in Bangladesh: An Overview.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS) 21, no. 11: 1–6, 1.
"Sexual harassment against girls and women in Bangladesh is turning deadly, 28 women have committed suicide this year and another seven attempted it to escape frequent sexual harassment."
Islam, A., and T. Amin. 2016. “Eve teasing in Bangladesh: An Overview.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS) 21, no. 11: 1–6, 2.
Ding, Hao, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, and Asha Weinstein Agrawal. "Sexual Harassment and Assault in Transit Environments: A Review of the English-language Literature." Journal of Planning Literature 35, no. 3 (2020): 267-280, 271.
Gekoski, Anna, Gray, M. Jacqueline, Horvath, AH Miranda, Edwards, Sarah, Emirali, Aliye and Adler, R. Joanna. What works' in reducing sexual harassment and sexual offences on public transport nationally and internationally: a rapid evidence assessment. London: Middlesex University, British Transport Police and the Department for Transport, 2015, 17.
Seiji, Shibata. “TOKYO, JAPAN”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 45-53. New York: Routledge, 2020, 50.
Seiji, Shibata. “TOKYO, JAPAN”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 45-53. New York: Routledge, 2020, 49.
Seiji, Shibata. “TOKYO, JAPAN”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 45-53. New York: Routledge, 2020, 49.
Seiji, Shibata. “TOKYO, JAPAN”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 45-53. New York: Routledge, 2020, 47.
Seiji, Shibata. “TOKYO, JAPAN”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 45-53. New York: Routledge, 2020, 49.
Otu, Smart E., and Agugua Augustine O. “LAGOS, NIGERIA”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 80-86. New York: Routledge, 2020, 83.
Otu, Smart E., and Agugua Augustine O. “LAGOS, NIGERIA”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 80-86. New York: Routledge, 2020, 83.
Otu, Smart E., and Agugua Augustine O. “LAGOS, NIGERIA”. In Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. International Evidence and Prevention, edited By Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, 80-86. New York: Routledge, 2020, 83.
Graham, Kathryn, Bernards, Sharon, Antonia, Abbey, Dumas, Tara M. and Wells Samantha. "When women do not want it: Young female bargoers’ experiences with and responses to sexual harassment in social drinking contexts." Violence against women 23, no. 12 (2017): 1419-1441, 1419.
Fairchild, Kimberly, and A. Rudman, Laurie. "Everyday stranger harassment and women’s objectification." Social Justice Research 21, no. 3 (2008): 338-357, 349.
"In Honduras, GBV is the second leading cause of death for women who are of reproductive age."
Obinna, Denise N. "Seeking sanctuary: violence against women in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala." Violence against women (2020): 1-22, 1.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence Against Women: An EU Wide Survey. Main Results, Vienna: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2015.
UN Women. Sexual Harassment Against Women With Disabilities in the World of Work and On Campus. New York: UN Women, 2020, 3.
UN Women. Sexual Harassment Against Women With Disabilities in the World of Work and On Campus. New York: UN Women, 2020, 12.
Australian Human Rights Commission . Everyone’s Business: Fourth National Survey on Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces. Sydney: Australian Human Rights Commission, 2018, 9.
National Council on Disability. Not on the Radar: Sexual Assault of College Students with Disabilities. Washington: National Council on Disability, 2018, 3.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 142.
ActionAid. Women and the City III: A summary of baseline data on women’s experience of violence in seven countries. Johannesburg: ActionAid, 2015, 17.
ActionAid. Women and the City III: A summary of baseline data on women’s experience of violence in seven countries. Johannesburg: ActionAid, 2015, 17.
ActionAid. Women and the City III: A summary of baseline data on women’s experience of violence in seven countries. Johannesburg: ActionAid, 2015, 16.
"In South Africa, only 12% of women and girls interviewed by ActionAid felt safe from verbal and physical abuse in their neighbourhoods and 80% of women had experienced some form of abuse in the past year."
ActionAid. Women and the City III: A summary of baseline data on women’s experience of violence in seven countries. Johannesburg: ActionAid, 2015, 5.
Stop Street Harassment. Unsafe and Harassed in Public Spaces: A National Street Harassment Report. Virginia: Stop Street Harassment, 2014, 18.
Stop Street Harassment. Unsafe and Harassed in Public Spaces: A National Street Harassment Report. Virginia: Stop Street Harassment, 2014, 7.
Fileborn, Bianca, and Vera-Gray Fiona. "“I want to be able to walk the street without fear”: Transforming justice for street harassment." Feminist Legal Studies 25, no. 2 (2017): 203-227, 206.
Kosciw, Joseph G , Greytak, Emily A., Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 23.
Kosciw, Joseph G , Greytak, Emily A., Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 23.
Kosciw, Joseph G , Greytak, Emily A., Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 23.
Kosciw, Joseph G , Greytak, Emily A., Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 23.
Kosciw, Joseph G , Greytak, Emily A., Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 23.
"Survey participants were asked how often they had experienced sexual harassment at school, such as unwanted touching or sexual remarks directed at them. As shown in Figure 1.17, about two thirds (64.4%) of LGBT students had been sexually harassed at school, and nearly a fifth (18.7 %) reported that such events occurred often or frequently."
Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 26.
"When asked how often they were harassed or threatened by students at their school via electronic mediums (e.g., text messages, emails, instant messages, or postings on Internet sites such as Facebook), a little more than half (55.2%) of LGBT students reported experiencing this type of harassment in the past year. Almost a fifth (17.5%) had experienced it often or frequently."
Bartkiewicz, Mark J., Boesen, Madelyn. J., & Palmer, Neal. A. . The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network, 2012, 26.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. LGBT persons’ experiences of discrimination and hate crime in the EU and Croatia. Vienna: European Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2013, 2.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. LGBT persons’ experiences of discrimination and hate crime in the EU and Croatia. Vienna: European Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2013, 1.
Government Equalities Office. “Hundreds of Victim–Survivors of Revenge Porn Seek Support from Helpline”. Published 23 August 2015.
Grant, Jaime, Motter, Lisa and Tanis Justin. Injustice at every turn: A report of the national transgender discrimination survey. Washington: National Centre for Transgender Equality, 2011.
Wittes, Benjamin, Poplin, Cody, Jurecic, Quinta and Spera Clera. Closing the Sextortion Sentencing Gap: A Legislative Proposal. Washington: Brookings Institution, 2016.
Kosalisi Ruang Pubik Aman. Harassment Survey in Public Spaces. Jakarta: Kosalisi Ruang Pubik Aman, 2018.
UN Women. Safe cities global initiative: In brief. New York: UN Women, 2013, 2.
UN Women Papua New Guinea. Making Port Moresby safer for women and girls: Report on scoping study findings. Port Moresby: UN Women, 2011, 7.
Alymbekova, Aiperi. “I never said ‘YES’. The story of Aisuluu, a survivor of bride kidnapping.” UNICEF. Published 26 November 2019. https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/i-never-said-yes.
UN Women. “New law in Kyrgyzstan toughens penalties for bride kidnapping.” February 6 2013. https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2013/2/new-law-in-kyrgyzstan-toughens-penalties-for-bride-kidnapping#edn1.
Greater London Authority. Womens Night Safety Charter Toolkit. London: Greater London Authority, 2019, 3.
"A YouGov poll of 2,013 adults aged between 18 and 24 who drink in bars, clubs or pubs found that: 63% of women and 26% of men said they had experienced unacceptable behaviour."
Greater London Authority. Womens Night Safety Charter Toolkit. London: Greater London Authority, 2019, 3.
"A YouGov poll of 2,013 adults aged between 18 and 24 who drink in bars, clubs or pubs found that: 72% said they had seen some form of sexual harassment."
Greater London Authority. Womens Night Safety Charter Toolkit. London: Greater London Authority, 2019, 3.
Amnesty International. Mexico Submission to the Committee on the Elimnation of Discrimination Against Women. London: Amnesty International Ltd, 2018, 5.
"In Russia, if the perpetrator has reached 18 years of age and has committed statutory rape with a minor below 16, he is exempt from punishment if he marries the victim."
Equality Now. Equality Now Impact Report 2017. New York: Equality Now, 2017, 3.
Taraves, Paula, Wood, Quentin. Ending Violence Against Women and Girls Gobal and Regional Trends in Womens Legal Protection Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Haraasment. London: Children's Investment Fund and Global Partnership for Education, 2018, 2.
"Cyberstalking – stalking by means of email, text messages or the internet – concerns young women in particular. Of all 18- to 29-year-old women, 4 % have experienced cyberstalking in the 12 months before the survey interview, compared with 0.3 % of women who are 60 years old or older."
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 81.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in British Columbia, Canada. Washington: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 2014, 49.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in British Columbia, Canada. Washington: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 2014, 49.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in British Columbia, Canada. Washington: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 2014, 11.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in British Columbia, Canada. Washington: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 2014, 49.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
"According to the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces conducted by Statistics Canada, the most common types of unwanted sexual behaviour experienced by women in public were unwanted sexual attention (25%), unwanted physical contact (17%), and unwanted comments about their sex or gender (12%)."
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
"According to the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces conducted by Statistics Canada, for women, being single or having a disability (each with 1.8 times higher odds) remained associated with the likelihood of experiencing unwanted sexual behaviour in public even after controlling for other factors"
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.
Adam, Cotter. “Violent victimization of women with disabilities”. Statistics Canada. Published March 15, 2018.
Henry, Nicola, Anastasia Powell, and Asher Flynn. "Not just ‘revenge pornography’: Australians’ experiences of image-based abuse." A summary report. Melbourne: RMIT University, 2017, 2.
Henry, Nicola, Anastasia Powell, and Asher Flynn. "Not just ‘revenge pornography’: Australians’ experiences of image-based abuse." A summary report. Melbourne: RMIT University, 2017, 2.
UC San Diego Center on Gender Equity and Health, Stop Street Harassment. Measuring #MeToo: A National Study on Sexual Harassment and Assault. San Diego: UC San Diego Centre on Gender Equity and Health, 2019, 10.
UC San Diego Center on Gender Equity and Health, Stop Street Harassment. Measuring #MeToo: A National Study on Sexual Harassment and Assault. San Diego: UC San Diego Centre on Gender Equity and Health, 2019, 10.
Lucchesi, Annita and Echo-Hawk Abigail. Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women & Girls: A snapshot of data from 71 urban cities in the United States. Seattle: Urban Indian Health Institute, 2018, 2.
Pan American Health Organisation. Understanding and addressing violence against women. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organisation, 2012, 3.
Pan American Health Organisation. Understanding and addressing violence against women. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organisation, 2012, 3.
"2019 marked the first year that 'upskirting' in the United Kingdom became a criminal offence. The Crown Prosecution Service released data finding that 70 per cent of these crimes took place in the aisles of retail stores – with evidence that some of the men caught had researched techniques to conceal cameras online. Also ten men were convicted of 16 offences in the legislations first year."
Crown Prosecution Service. “Ten men prosecuted in first year of upskirting legislation”. Published 31 December 2019. https://www.cps.gov.uk/cps/news/ten-men-prosecuted-first-year-upskirting-legislation
Human Rights Campaign Foundation. DISMANTLING A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE Understanding Anti-Transgender Violence and Ending the Crisis. Washington, D.C.: Human Rights Campaign Foundation, 2018, 14.
"Over 2300 transgender people are known to be killed in the last decade in dozens of countries, according to figures released by TransRespect Versus Transphobia WorldWide, a global project combining the efforts of advocates in more than 100 countries."
Human Rights Campaign Foundation. DISMANTLING A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE Understanding Anti-Transgender Violence and Ending the Crisis. Washington, D.C.: Human Rights Campaign Foundation, 2018, 14.
Duvvury, Nata., Marcos, Marga., Gadallah, May., Attia, Shadia., Adly, Naglaa, Maged, Wafaa, & Haddad, Germaine. The Egypt economic cost of gender-based violence survey (ECGBVS) 2015. Cairo: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2015, 121.
Duvvury, Nata., Marcos, Marga., Gadallah, May., Attia, Shadia., Adly, Naglaa, Maged, Wafaa, & Haddad, Germaine. The Egypt economic cost of gender-based violence survey (ECGBVS) 2015. Cairo: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2015, 4.
Duvvury, Nata., Marcos, Marga., Gadallah, May., Attia, Shadia., Adly, Naglaa, Maged, Wafaa, & Haddad, Germaine. The Egypt economic cost of gender-based violence survey (ECGBVS) 2015. Cairo: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2015, 4.
Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School, the Committee on International Human Rights of the New York City Bar Association, the Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic, and the Virtue Foundation. Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. New York City: Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School and the New York City Bar Association, 2011, 1.
Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School, the Committee on International Human Rights of the New York City Bar Association, the Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic, and the Virtue Foundation. Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. New York City: Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School and the New York City Bar Association, 2011, 1.
Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School, the Committee on International Human Rights of the New York City Bar Association, the Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic, and the Virtue Foundation. Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. New York City: Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School and the New York City Bar Association, 2011, 1.
"Acid attacks occur in private and public spaces. Attackers throw acid through open home windows at night or from moving motorcycles in markets in broad daylight. Acid violence has devastating health consequences for victims."
Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School, the Committee on International Human Rights of the New York City Bar Association, the Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic, and the Virtue Foundation. Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India and Cambodia. New York City: Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School and the New York City Bar Association, 2011, 1.
Rosenbaum, Mark, Edwards, Karen, Malla, Binayak, Adhikary, Jyoti, Regmi and Germán Contreras Ramírez. "Street harassment is marketplace discrimination: The impact of street harassment on young female consumers’ marketplace experiences." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 57 (2020): 102220, 7.
Ding, Hao, Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia and Agrawal, Asha Weinstein. "Sexual Harassment and Assault in Transit Environments: A Review of the English-language Literature." Journal of Planning Literature 35, no. 3, (2020): 267-280, 274.
Ding, Hao, Anastasia, Loukaitou-Sideris and Agrawal, Asha Weinstein. "Sexual Harassment and Assault in Transit Environments: A Review of the English-language Literature." Journal of Planning Literature 35, no. 3, (2020): 267-280, 274.
Mellgren, Caroline, Mika Andersson, and Anna-Karin Ivert. "“It happens all the time”: Women’s experiences and normalization of sexual harassment in public space." Women & Criminal Justice 28, no. 4 (2018): 262-281, 264.
Mellgren, Caroline, Mika Andersson, and Anna-Karin Ivert. "“It happens all the time”: Women’s experiences and normalization of sexual harassment in public space." Women & Criminal Justice 28, no. 4 (2018): 262-281, 264.
Mellgren, Caroline, Mika Andersson, and Anna-Karin Ivert. "“It happens all the time”: Women’s experiences and normalization of sexual harassment in public space." Women & Criminal Justice 28, no. 4 (2018): 262-281, 264.
OECD. “ Society at a Glance 2019. A Spotlight on LGBT People. How does Italy Compare?”. Published March 27, 2019. https://www.oecd.org/italy/sag2019-italy-en.pdf.
Willis, Matthew. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice. Non-disclosure of violence in Australian Indigenous communities. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011, 1-11, 1.
Johnson, Molly, and Bennett Ebony. Everyday sexism: Australian women's experiences of street harassment. Canberra: Australia Institute, 2015, 8.
Johnson, Molly, and Bennett Ebony. Everyday sexism: Australian women's experiences of street harassment. Canberra: Australia Institute, 2015, 4.
Plan International Australia, Our Watch. A Right to the Night. Australian girls on their safety in public places. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, Our Watch, 2016, 6.
Plan International Australia, Our Watch. A Right to the Night. Australian girls on their safety in public places. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, Our Watch, 2016, 3.
Plan International Australia, Our Watch. A Right to the Night. Australian girls on their safety in public places. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, Our Watch, 2016, 5.
Plan International Australia, Our Watch. A Right to the Night. Australian girls on their safety in public places. Melbourne: Plan International Australia, Our Watch, 2016, 6.
"Gendered cyber-hate in the form of rape threats and sexualized vitriol have become regular aspects of women’s quotidian experiences online."
Vitak, Jessica, Chadha, Kalyani, Steiner, Linda and Zahra Ashktorab. "Identifying women's experiences with and strategies for mitigating negative effects of online harassment." In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, 2017, pp. 1231-1245, 1231. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. 2017.
"Gendered cyber-hate can discourage women’s participation in the public sphere."
Vitak, Jessica, Kalyani, Chadha, Linda, Steiner and Zahra Ashktorab. "Identifying women's experiences with and strategies for mitigating negative effects of online harassment." In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, 2017, 1231-1245, 1321. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. 2017.
"High profile teen suicides connected to cyberbullying reveal the severe toll of harassment on young women."
Vitak, Jessica, Chadha, Kalyani, Steiner, Linda and Zahra Ashktorab. "Identifying women's experiences with and strategies for mitigating negative effects of online harassment." In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, Portland, 2017, pp. 1231-1245, 1239. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. 2017.
"Street Harassment: the easiest way to debilitate a person’s liberty to walk the streets without fear."
Roenius, Amanda. "My Name Is Not Beautiful, and, No, I Do Not Want to Smile: Paving the Path for Street Harassment Legislation in Illinois." DePaul L. Rev. 65 (2015): 831, 831.
"No uniform law currently exists to protect individuals from many types of street harassment, the fundamental rights to mobility and bodily integrity are not being met."
Roenius, Amanda. "My Name Is Not Beautiful, and, No, I Do Not Want to Smile: Paving the Path for Street Harassment Legislation in Illinois." DePaul L. Rev. 65 (2015): 831, 831.
"Sexual harassment, of course, does not just happen at night."
Kalms, Nikki, Matthewson, Gill and Webb, Isabella. Safety after dark: Creating a city for women living and working in Sydney. Sydney: Committee for Sydney, 2019, 6.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 95.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 95.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 95.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 139.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 139.
"Slightly more than half of all women in the EU (53 %) avoid certain situations or places, at least sometimes, for fear of being physically or sexually assaulted."
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 139.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 139.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 139.
"An EU study found three out of 10 women (31 %) avoid opening their front door when home alone."
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey. Main Results. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, 139.
Kalms, Nikki, Matthewson, Gill and Webb, Isabella. Safety after dark: Creating a city for women living and working in Sydney. Sydney: Committee for Sydney, 2019, 2.
Kalms, Nikki, Gill, Matthewson and Isabella, Webb. Safety after dark: Creating a city for women living and working in Sydney. Sydney: Committee for Sydney, 2019, 2.
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 2.
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 123.
Kearl, Holly. Stop street harassment: Making public places safe and welcoming for women. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2010, 123.
National Union of Students. National Union of Students (NUS) (2010) Hidden Marks: A study of women students’ experiences of harassment, stalking, violence and sexual assault. London: National Union of Students. 2010, 3.
Kearl, Holly. Unsafe and harassed in public spaces: A national street harassment report. Reston: Stop Street Harassment, 2014, 6.
Kalms, Nicole, Matthewson, Gill, and Tanner Sophie. Free To Be: Kampala. Surrey, United Kingdom: Plan International, 2018, 4.
Kalms, Nicole, Gill Matthewson and Sophie Tanner . Free to Be. Lima. Surrey: Plan International, 2019, 4.
"'On the street' was identified as the most common place for bad places in Lima."
Kalms, Nicole, Matthewson, Gill, and Tanner Sophie. Free to Be. Lima. Surrey: Plan International, 2019, 7.
Kalms, Nicole, Matthewson, Gill, and Tanner Sophie. Free to Be. Lima. Surrey: Plan International, 2019, 10.
Kalms, Nicole, Matthewson, Gill, and Tanner Sophie. Free to Be. Madrid. Surrey: Plan International, 2019, 11.
Kalms, Nicole, Matthewson, Gill, and Tanner Sophie. Free to Be. Madrid. Surrey: Plan International, 2019, 1.
Human Rights Campaign Foundation. A National Epidemic: Fatal Anti-Transgender Violence in the United States in 2019. Washington, D.C., Human Rights Campaign Foundation, 2019, 2.
Obinna, Denise N. "Seeking sanctuary: violence against women in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala." Violence against women 1, no. 22 (2020): 1-22, 12.
Obinna, Denise N. "Seeking sanctuary: violence against women in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala." Violence against women 1, no. 22 (2020): 1-22, 2.
Obinna, Denise N. "Seeking sanctuary: violence against women in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala." Violence against women 1, no. 22 (2020): 1-22, 15.
"Sexual harassment in public spaces is a manifestation of gender inequalities. Young men in India develop in a male-dominated context with little contact with female peers, little or no sex education, and limited modelling of male–female relationships. Gender norms are often solidified in young Adulthood."
Zietz, Susannah, and Madhumita Das. "‘Nobody teases good girls’: A qualitative study on perceptions of sexual harassment among young men in a slum of Mumbai." Global public health 13, no. 9 (2018): 1229-1240, 1231.
"The Metropolitan District of Quito has run, since 2017, an initiative to reduce harassment..., which allows sexual violence to be reported in real time, in a way that is confidential and free. Through mobile phone messages, victims or witnesses of violence in public transportation can notify the control centre and specialised personnel."
Arnan, Gutiérrez. Llamas,Felipe. Martínez-Osés, Pablo. Violence in the metropolis: responses to a global issue. Barcelona: Metropolis. World Association of the Major Metropolises, 2020, 15.
"In March 2013, India’s Parliament passed a comprehensive bill with almost unprecedented speed that imposed stronger penalties on men who sexually assault women and criminalized offenses like stalking and voyeurism. It expanded the definition of rape, increased the penalty for gang rape, and introduced the death penalty for repeat offenders. A three-member panel that spoke with hundreds of activists and reviewed laws in other countries wrote the law."
Kearl, Holly. Stop Global Street Harassment: Growing Activism Around the World. Santa Barbra: Praeger, 2015, 126.
TMM Absolute Numbers. Transrespect versus Transphobia, Worldwide. Transrespect vs Transphobia Worldwide. Accessed 13 November 2020.
"Public harassment is predominantly perpetrated by men against women and LGBTQ+ people, and as such must be understood as implicated in systems of power and oppression relating to gender, sexuality, and race, amongst others."
Fileborn, Bianca. “Embodied Geographies. Navigating street harassment.” In In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 37- 48, 37. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Street harassment shapes women’s embodiment: our lived experiences of our bodies, and potential for action in moving through the world."
Fileborn, Bianca. “Embodied Geographies. Navigating street harassment.” In In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 37- 48, 38. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Public space is normatively coded as masculine and heterosexual"
Fileborn, Bianca. “Embodied Geographies. Navigating street harassment.” In In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 37- 48, 39. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Women of colour experience harassment from men in public space that intertwines sexualised and racialised abuse."
"Women of colour experience harassment from men in public space that intertwines sexualised and racialised abuse."
Tyler, Megan and Maddy Coy. “Pornographication and Heterosexualisation in Public Space.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 49-59, 50. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The expectation of the dancer and client relationship usually contained inside the strip club may extend into urban space, shaping cities as heterosexist spaces where women may be expected to mimic aspects of the sex industry and subjugate themselves to men’s desires, and where sexual aggression becomes expected and tolerated."
Tyler, Megan and Maddy Coy. “Pornographication and Heterosexualisation in Public Space.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 49-59, 50, 52. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Women’s freedom is therefore limited or curtailed by the pornographication of public space in ways that cannot be mitigated through individual avoidance actions."
Tyler, Megan and Maddy Coy. “Pornographication and Heterosexualisation in Public Space.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 49-59, 55. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Larin, Tegan. “(In)visible sites of the sex industry Massage parlours and the construction of space.” In, Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 60-70, 60. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Asian women are overrepresented in massage parlour prostitution in neoliberal cities all over the world, including in Australia."
Larin, Tegan. “(In)visible sites of the sex industry Massage parlours and the construction of space.” In, Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 60-70, 61. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Larin, Tegan. “(In)visible sites of the sex industry Massage parlours and the construction of space.” In, Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 60-70, 67. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Yong, Adilah, Shamsulm, Harumain, Deana McDonagh, Andree Woodcock, Nikmatul Adha Nordin and Komal Faiz. “Gender Transport inequalities in malaysia and Pakistan. Barriers to female mobility.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 71- 83, 76. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Women need to be given a voice in the planning, design, implementation, and operation of integrated transport measures so that more gender- and diversity-sensitive transport can be provided."
Yong, Adilah, Shamsulm, Harumain, Deana McDonagh, Andree Woodcock, Nikmatul Adha Nordin and Komal Faiz. “Gender Transport inequalities in malaysia and Pakistan. Barriers to female mobility.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 71- 83, 80. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The acts of vandalism against the SuitSupply campaign not only raise questions around what acceptance of homosexuality actually means in the Netherlands, but also reveal how urban public space is fundamentally shaped by the dynamics of gender and sexuality."
Maher, Gabriel A. and Roberto Pérez Gayo. “A glitch in the system. Deconstructing JCDecaux|decoding Suitsupply.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 84- 101, 86. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"According to data provided by the Dutch Central Agency for Statistics, everyday spaces in the Netherlands are often experienced by LGTBQIA+ individuals as aggressively heterosexual."
Maher, Gabriel A. and Roberto Pérez Gayo. “A glitch in the system. Deconstructing JCDecaux|decoding Suitsupply.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 84- 101, 86. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Extending beyond key words and bubble diagrams, gender-sensitive methods must activate solutions informed by gender studies, gender-disaggregated data, and the expertise of queer and feminist designers, researchers, and scholars."
Kalms, Nicole and Gene Bawden. “Lived experience. Participatory practices for gender sensitive spaces and places.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 102- 114, 107. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"How can design address the crisis of gender inequality in cities? What designerly methods can redress the bias and neutrality imbedded in policy and urban design process?"
Kalms, Nicole and Gene Bawden. “Lived experience. Participatory practices for gender sensitive spaces and places.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 102- 114, 103. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The city is male, a place built on masculine conquests conceived in a tangle of money, influence, power and corruption. A man’s world is a place of materialism without morality"
Bawden, Gene. “Introduction. Histories of the gendered city.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 121-125, 121. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The experiences not only of women, but of Indigenous peoples and members of the LGBTQI+ community are all shaped by the prevailing realities and the patriarchal context of ‘city.’"
Bawden, Gene. “Introduction. Histories of the gendered city.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 121-125, 122. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"We need a non-sexist, non-binary, anti-racist, financially equitable, and more city."
Lloyd, Justine. “The non-sexist city. Then and now.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 126-136, 133. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The Jazz Age of the 1920s saw women frequently engage dance in public spaces as an act of resistance, challenging ideals of public decency through the dramatisation of women’s overt sexuality."
Berry, Jess. “Catwalking the city The pleasures and politics of fashioning the metropolis.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 137-148, 146. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"For women to act without purpose in public space challenges proprieties that control women’s movements, disrupting gendered ways of being in the city."
Berry, Jess. “Catwalking the city The pleasures and politics of fashioning the metropolis.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 137-148, 143. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The fashioned city is one such representational space, mediating between social relations and spatial practices, where women’s engagement with the fashioned city can be a mode for intervention."
Berry, Jess. “Catwalking the city The pleasures and politics of fashioning the metropolis.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 137-148, 139. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"As such, the butch is not quite flâneur, not quite f lâneuse; instead she finds a new form of expression that traverses gender boundaries in the way that butches traverse the city."
Tooth, Murphy, Amy. “Butch on the streets. The butch flâneur and the queering of the city.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 149-159, 151. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"As a challenge to hegemonic masculinity, and as an example of transgressive femaleness, the butch lesbian is positioned as perpetually running the gauntlet, between the privacy of the home and the semi-private space of the bar."
Tooth, Murphy, Amy. “Butch on the streets. The butch flâneur and the queering of the city.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 149-159, 150. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"There’s a general misunderstanding of the word queer."
Moore, Timothy and Simona Castricum. “Queering architecture Simona Castricum and Timothy Moore in conversation.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 182-193, 190. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Queering is about changing the way that we approach things that give rise to non-normative sexualities and gender expressions; it’s inherently intersectional, anti-capitalist and anti-colonialist."
Moore, Timothy and Simona Castricum. “Queering architecture Simona Castricum and Timothy Moore in conversation.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 182-193, 190. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"The most urgent issue facing trans people is public safety, the ability to go to the toilet, or the ability to pass through an airport secutiry checkpoint. This is about spatial planning, and spatial planning is dictated by the brief, and this is dictated by an understanding of users and how we define all of those users."
Moore, Timothy and Simona Castricum. “Queering architecture Simona Castricum and Timothy Moore in conversation.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 182-193, 190. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"Similiar to how the word queer itself is understood in different ways, queer spaces have also been understood in divergent and not always compatiable ways."
Vallerand, Olivier. “Beyond design education. Queering pedagogies of space.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 194-203. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
"If the LGBTQIA+ movements are forces that disrupt the modernist city, migration is another such force."
Balaoro, Saludez, Marrz and Merve Bedir. “Beyond queer solidarity in Hong Kong. Migrant domestic workers and trans spaces.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 204-215. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Marshall, Lo. “Negotiating gender-diverse realities built on binary expectations.Public toilets in Britain.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 216-233, 218. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Marshall, Lo. “Negotiating gender-diverse realities built on binary expectations.Public toilets in Britain.” In Contentious Cities: Design and the Gendered Production of Space, edited by Jess Berry, Timothy Moore, Nicole Kalms, Gene Bawden, 216-233, 218. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Mellgren, Caroline, Mika Andersson, and Anna-Karin Ivert. "“It happens all the time”: Women’s experiences and normalization of sexual harassment in public space." Women & Criminal Justice 28, no. 4 (2018): 262-281.
UN Women. “SAFE CITIES AND SAFE PUBLIC SPACES.” UN Women: New York, 2015, 2.
European Agency for Fundamental Rights. LGBT persons’ experiences of discrimination and hate crime in the EU and Croatia. Vienna: European Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2013, 2.
Community Council for Australia. The Australia We Want. Second Report. Canberra: Community Council for Australia, 2019, 13.
ActionAid UK. Fearless. London: ActionAid, 2016, 1.
Berman, Alan. Speaking out: Stopping homophobic and transphobic abuse in Queensland. Australian Academic Press, 2010, 36.
Berman, Alan. Speaking out: Stopping homophobic and transphobic abuse in Queensland. Australian Academic Press, 2010, 36.
Lebugle, Amandine. "Young women in large cities are the main victims of violence in public space." Population Societies 550, no. 11 (2017): 1-4, 3.
Johnson, Molly, and Bennett Ebony. Everyday sexism: Australian women's experiences of street harassment. Canberra: Australia Institute, 2015, 4.
Corpuz, Victoria. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, Victoria Tauli Corpuz. Human Rights Council, 2015, 13.
ActionAid UK. Fearless. London: ActionAid, 2016, 1.
Australian Human Rights Commission . Everyone’s Business: Fourth National Survey on Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces. Sydney: Australian Human Rights Commission, 2018, 9.
Corpuz, Victoria. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, Victoria Tauli Corpuz. Human Rights Council, 2015.
Cotter, Adam, and Laura Savage. "Gender-based violence and unwanted sexual behaviour in Canada, 2018: Initial findings from the Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces." Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Published December 5, 2019.